Carl Zeiss 135mm telephoto prime featuring classic Sonnar optics, prized for creamy bokeh and sharp rendering.
Technical Details
Classic Sonnar 135mm lenses achieve apertures between f/2.8 and f/4, with modern versions up to f/1.8. The minimum focus distance is typically 0.8-1.0 meters with a reproduction ratio of 1:8. The characteristic Sonnar design with cemented elements and a large air gap between the front and rear groups allows for a physical length of only 80-120mm. Filter size varies between 52mm and 77mm depending on the manufacturer. The angle of view for full-frame is 15°, with a minimum aperture of f/16 to f/22.
History & Development
Paul Rudolph developed the Sonnar formula in 1929 as an evolution of his Plasmat design. The first 135mm Sonnar appeared in 1932 for Contax cameras with an f/4 aperture. Zeiss produced various versions until 1975, including the legendary 135mm f/4 Sonnar T* (1973). After Zeiss's withdrawal from 35mm photography, licensees like Kyocera/Contax took over production. Since 2005, Zeiss has been manufacturing Sonnar lenses again, initially for digital SLRs, and later for mirrorless systems.
Practical Use in Film
Cinematographer Roger Deakins used the Zeiss 135mm Sonnar T* for portrait shots in "The Shawshank Redemption" (1994) to achieve the characteristic background blur during prison conversations. The shallow depth of field at wide apertures effectively isolates protagonists from the background. Documentarians appreciate the compact design for discreet shots. The smooth bokeh and natural color rendition make the Sonnar 135 a top choice for emotional close-ups and reaction shots.
Comparison & Alternatives
Compared to modern telephoto lenses of the same focal length, the Sonnar 135 offers less sharpness in the image corners but a more characterful bokeh. Canon's 135mm f/2 L USM achieves higher sharpness performance, while the Sonnar excels with a more organic image rendition. Alternatives include the Zeiss Apo Sonnar 135mm f/2 (2006) or modern designs like the Sony FE 135mm f/1.8 GM. For a vintage look, the classic Sonnar remains unrivaled, while contemporary constructions are recommended for technical perfection.